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DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2022.19.12.001
FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF RIDDLES IN KARACHAY-BALKARIAN FAIRY-TALES AND NART EPOS
Gulieva (Zanukoeva), Farizat H.
Kavkaz Forum. 2022. Issue 12.
Abstract:
The presented article is devoted to analysis of the features of functioning
of riddles in the works of larger genre forms (fairy-tales and nart legends). The
study was conducted on the material of Karachay-Balkarian oral folk art for the
first time. Its relevance is due to the lack of generalizing, systematizing works on
riddles in national folklore study, the lack of development of many important
aspects of their research. Among these issues is the problem of communication
and interaction of individual genres. In Karachay-Balkarian folklore riddles are
presented in a number of varieties: classic laconic riddles, riddles-questions, comic
riddles, mathematical riddles, narrative riddles. All of them, in one way or another,
influenced the poetics of folk fairy-tales and nart legends. The paper notes, that
riddles are rarely included in prose texts in their pure form. In most cases we are
dealing with the use of various mysterious formulas, wordplay, exchange of
allegorical remarks, the use of the compositional form «question–answer», etc. It is
emphasized, that such techniques were a conscious act and were aimed at solving
specific artistic problems (creating a conflict situation, speech characteristics of
heroes, etc.). The study showed, that riddles play an important role in shaping
the structure and development of the plot of individual Karachay-Balkarian
fairy-tales and nart legends. In addition, in a number of cases, the inclusion of
allegorical remarks, dialogues, and seemingly insoluble tasks in the narrative is
a reflection of the ethnographic component of the material and spiritual culture
of the creating ethnic group (for example, marriage rituals). All of the above
indicates the complexity of the identified problem and the prospects for further,
more in-depth study of karachay-balkarian riddles.
Keywords: Karachay-Balkarian folklore, riddles, nart epos, fairy-tales, plot, composition, speech characteristics of a hero
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