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DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2022.16.9.008

THE DEFEAT OF THE GOLDEN HORDE BY TAMERLAN IN 1395

Fedchenko, Oleg Dm.
Kavkaz Forum. 2022. Issue 9.
Abstract:
Based on the historical evidence of the Persian authors and the Russian
chronicles, the article studies the route of Tamerlane’s advance in the military
campaign of 1395. A comprehensive study of the geographical objects indicated
in the ancient documents makes it possible to correlate them with the real
locations and the development of the situation. The testimonies of the Persian
historians and chroniclers have been studied. The path of Tamerlane to the Terek
River, where he met with the army of the Golden Horde, was established. The route
of the great emir after the battle was studied. Tamerlane struck the main blow
on the territory of the Volga-Don interfluve, destroying the economic base of the
Golden Horde. The army of the great emir marched along the Volga, then along
the bank of the Manych River went to the Don, rose to Moksha, crossed to the
right bank of the Don to Yelets and headed to Azak along the path by the right
bank of the Don. As the situation develops, it becomes clear that Tamerlane did
not plan to attack the Russian principalities or other neighboring states. The great
emir did not reach the Dnieper and the city of Azak became the extreme western
point of his route. In the context of this study, the problem of identifying and
localizing the peoples and regions of Kubuji-Karaul, Kurbuki, Bulan, Yurgun and
Kelechi, conquered by Tamerlane, finds its solution. The information of the Persian
authors and the conclusions of the military historians made it possible to estimate
the size of Tamerlane’s army. Taking into account the opinions of military experts
and the data of medieval documents, it can be assumed that under the command
of Timur, up to 25 thousand people set out on a campaign.
The proposed article gives a new impetus to the study of the archaeological
data of the region under consideration.
Keywords: Golden Horde, Tokhtamysh, Tamerlane, Rus, the Terek, Itil, Yelets
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