|
|
DOI: 10.46698/h3455-4019-2429-x
TEMPORAL SYSTEM OF THE OSSETIAN VERB COMPARED WITH OTHER IRANIAN LANGUAGES
Sattsaev, Elbrus B.
Kavkaz Forum. 2020. Issue 4.
Abstract:
Tense is a grammatical category of a verb that serves as a temporary
localization of an event or state. Different languages have a different number
of temporary forms. Historically, the Indo-European verb had three temporal
systems – present, aorist and perfect. In the Avesta, forms of all Indo-European
times, moods and pledges are attested. The following tenses are distinguished in
it in the indicative mood: present, imperfect, perfect and pluperfect. There are two
types of stems in the presence of the Avestan verb. These basics are divided into
classes, the number of which reaches twenty-two. The verb system in the Middle
Iranian languages has changed significantly compared to the ancient Iranian,
however, the ancient Iranian temporal system in almost all Iranian languages
of this period has been preserved. There are eight tenses in the New Persian
language. Almost the same number of temporal forms is observed in Afghan,
which is part of the Eastern Iranian subgroup. Among the Iranian languages,
Ossetian is a scarcity of temporary forms. In the Ossetian language, three verbal
stems can be distinguished, from which the forms of the corresponding tenses are
formed. In Ossetian verbs, traces of the ancient Aryan classes of the present tense
are found. In modern Iranian languages, the main opposition lies between the
past and non-past times. In the indicative mood, the Ossetian language knows
three tenses: present, past and future. The most interesting phenomenon in the
Ossetian language is the formation of the future tense, a model of the formation
of the future tense similar to the Ossetian language is observed in the Sogdian and
Khorezm languages, which are considered the closest to the Ossetian language.
Keywords: ancient Iranian languages, Middle Iranian languages, new Iranian languages, Indo-European verb, tense, stem, class, Ossetian language, Sogdian language, analytical form, Iranian type
+ References1. Rastorgueva, V.S. (red) Osnovy iranskogo yazykoznaniya. V 5 kn. Kn. 1:
Drevneiranskie yazyki [Basics of Iranian linguistics. In 5 books. Book. 1: Ancient
Iranian languages]. Moscow, Nauka, 1979. 387 p.
2. Rastorgueva, V.S. (red) Osnovy iranskogo yazykoznaniya. V 5 kn. Kn. 4: Novoiranskie
yazyki: vostochnaya gruppa [Foundations of Iranian linguistics. In 5
books. Book. 4: New Iranian languages: eastern group]. Moscow, Nauka, 1987.
718 p.
3. Yazyki Azii i Afriki. Tom II. Indoevropeiskie yazyki: iranskie yazyki, dardskie
yazyki. Dravidiiskie yazyki [Languages of Asia and Africa. Volume II. Indo-European
languages: Iranian languages, Dardic languages. Dravidian languages].
Moscow, 1978. 440 p.
4. Oranskii, I.M. Vvedenie v iranskuyu filologiyu [Introduction to Iranian Philology].
Moscow, 1988. 388 p.
5. Rastorgueva, V.S. (red) Osnovy iranskogo yazykoznaniya. V 5 kn. Kn. 2:
Sredneiranskie yazyki [Basics of Iranian linguistics. In 5 books. Book. 2: Central
Iranian languages]. Moscow, Nauka, 1981. 544 p.
6. Rubinchik, Yu.A. Grammatika sovremennogo persidskogo literaturnogo
yazyka [A grammar of modern Persian literary language]. Moscow, 2001. 600 p.
7. Gryunberg, A.L. Ocherk grammatiki afganskogo yazyka (pashto) [An outline
of the grammar of the Afghan language (pashto)]. Leningrad, 1987. 239 p.
8. Kambolov, T.T. Ocherk istorii osetinskogo yazyka [Essay on the history of
the Ossetian language]. Vladikavkaz, Ir, 2006. 463 p.
9. Vydrin, A.P. Glagol v osetinskom yazyke [Verb in the Ossetian language].
Vostokovedenie. Istoriko-filologicheskoe issledovanie. Mezhvuzovskii sbornik
statei [Oriental studies. Historical and philological research. Interuniversity collection
of articles]. Vol. 30. St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg State University,
2014, pp. 25–81.
10. Abaev, V.I. Grammaticheskii ocherk osetinskogo yazyka [A grammar
sketch of the Ossetian language]. Ordzhonikidze, 1959. 168 p.
11. Vydrin, A.P. Vzaimodeistvie glagol’nykh kategorii v osetinskom yazyke
[The interaction of verb categories in the Ossetian language]. Ierarkhiya i
vzaimodeistvie grammaticheskikh kategorii glagola [Hierarchy and interaction
of grammatical categories of the verb]. St. Petersburg, The Institute for Linguistic
Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020, pp. 245–281.
12. Rastorgueva, V.S. (red) Osnovy iranskogo yazykoznaniya. V 5 kn. Kn. 3:
Novoiranskie yazyki: zapadnaya gruppa, prikaspiiskie yazyki [Basics of Iranian
linguistics. In 5 books. Book. 3: New Iranian languages: Western group, Caspian
languages]. Moscow, 1982. 570 p.
13. Abaev, V.I. Osetinskii yazyk i fol’klor [Ossetian language and folklore]. Vol.
1. Moscow-Leningrad,1949. 603 p.
14. Miller, V.F. Yazyk osetin [Ossetian language]. Moscow-Leningrad, 1962.
190 p.
← Contents of issue
|
